如何有效使用社会故事

自闭症新闻

来源：http://www.autism.org.uk/living- ... -conversations.aspx

Introducing and using social stories

引入和使用社会故事

Carol Gray

has developed guidelines

on how to use social stories effectively. The information below is from herbookThe New Social Story book(1994), which you can find on The Gray Center's website.

卡罗·格雷开发了出关于如何有效使用社会故事的指南。以下资料是来源于他的《新社会故事书》(1994),格雷中心的网站中也有这本书。

1.

Presentthe social story

to the person at a time when everyone is feelingcalm and relaxed. This will maximize their learning and help them developpositive associations with the story. Social stories should never be used as apunishment for misbehavior.

1．在所有人都平静而放松的时候给自闭症患者讲社会故事。这将最大程度地提高他们的学习效果，并帮助他们与故事建立积极的联系。社会故事绝不能用于惩罚不当行为。

2.

Use an honest and straightforward approach when introducing the story, eg Ihave written this story for you. It is about thunderstorms. Let's read ittogether now. Soon we will review it.

2．用一个实在和直接的方法来引出一个故事。比如：我为你写了这个故事。它是关于暴风雨的。让我们现在一起来阅读。等会儿我们一起来复习。

3.Review the story as often as required - some social storieswill be reviewed initially once a day, others prior to the situation for whichthey were written

.

3．经常复习故事——有些社会故事最初要每天复习，其他的故事在社会故事描述的情景发生前进行复习。

4.Maintain a positive, reassuring and patient attitude when reviewing the story.This is essential for the social story to have the desired effect.

4．与自闭症患者一起复习故事的时候，要保持一个积极的，令人安心的态度。这样社会故事才能达到你预期的效果。

5.When reviewing the story, use a calm and friendly tone of voice and make surethe environment is quiet, comfortable and free of distractions.

5．当复习社会故事的时候，声音要保持平静和友好，而且必须确保复习在一个安静舒适，没有干扰的环境中进行。

6. Involve others in the review of the story where appropriate.

For example, a story that is focused on a situation oractivity at school could also be reviewed with the child's teacher or learningsupport assistant.

6．在适当的时候，也可以让其他人参与故事的复习。例如，如果社会故事是关于一个发生在校园内的活动或事件，那就可以邀请学生的老师或助教一起参与故事的复习。

7.Introduce one story at a time to maximize learning and to make sure the persondoes not become overwhelmed with information.

7．每次引入一个故事，这样能达到最好的学习效果，并且确保自闭症患者不会因信息过多而迷惑。

8.There are two main ways of 'fading' a social story:

-increasethe period of time between reviewing it, ie if a story was initially reviewedonce per day, increase the review period to every two days, then every three orfour days, and so on

-changethe content of the story to reflect the person's new skills. For example,remove directive sentences from the story, or rewrite them as partial sentenceswhere the person is required to recall the missing information. However, somepeople with autism may find such changes distressing; alternative approachesshould be explored if this is the case.

8．这里有两种主要方式结束一个社会故事的使用：

—增加复习这个故事的时间间隔，也就是说如果最开始每天复习一次这个故事，然后每两天复习一次，之后变成每三到四天一次，循序渐进。

—改变故事的内容来反映自闭症患者的新技能。例如，从故事中删除指令性的句子，或者去掉句子中的某一部分，让自闭症患者回忆没写出的内容。然而，一些患有自闭症的人们可能会发现这种改变是非常令人痛苦的；如果是这种情况的话，就应该探讨其他方法来进行社会故事的复习。

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